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22.10.2012

Nanotubes To Deliver Chemo Where And When It’s Needed

Unusually large and roomy carbon nanotubes could deliver chemotherapy drugs directly to tumors and release them on command, according to a new study (Nano Lett., DOI: 10.1021/nl301865c). A harmless magnetic field triggers the nanotubes to release drugs once inside tumor cells, which should protect the rest of the body from the drugs’ toxic side effects, researchers say.

Since the 1980s, researchers have developed various nanoscale vessels to transport anticancer drugs through the body. Some of these carriers have made it into the clinic. However, biologist John Marshall of Brown University says that researchers are unable to externally control drug release. Previous attempts have proven only partially successful or impractical, such as one delivery vehicle triggered to open by ultraviolet radiation, which is harmful and does not penetrate tissue.

Marshall, Brown nanomaterials expert Jimmy Xu, and colleagues synthesized nanotubes using chemical vapor deposition. Unlike traditional nanotubes, which have a diameter of around 1 nm, these nanotubes had a diameter of about 40 nm and so, the researchers figured, would have room to carry drug molecules. In fact, they are spacious enough to carry two drugs at once. The team filled the nanotubes with a temperature-sensitive hydrogel loaded with the chemotherapeutic agents paclitaxel and C6-ceramide. When researchers applied an alternating magnetic field, it induced an alternating electric current in the nanotubes. The nanotubes’ electrical resistance to that current generated heat that liquefied the gel, releasing the loaded drugs.

The team tested the nanotubes on pancreatic cancer tissue. After waiting 12 hours for the cells to take up the nanotubes, the researchers turned on the magnetic field. Forty-eight hours later, more than 70% of the cancer cells had died. To kill the same fraction of cells without the aid of nanotubes, the researchers had to use 100 times as much drug.

Source: http://cen.acs.org/articles/90/web/2012/10/Nanotubes-Deliver-Chemo-s-Needed.html




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Founded by Russian entrepreneur Dmitry Itskov in February 2011 with the participation of leading Russian specialists in the field of neural interfaces, robotics, artificial organs and systems.

The main goals of the 2045 Initiative: the creation and realization of a new strategy for the development of humanity which meets global civilization challenges; the creation of optimale conditions promoting the spiritual enlightenment of humanity; and the realization of a new futuristic reality based on 5 principles: high spirituality, high culture, high ethics, high science and high technologies. 

The main science mega-project of the 2045 Initiative aims to create technologies enabling the transfer of a individual’s personality to a more advanced non-biological carrier, and extending life, including to the point of immortality. We devote particular attention to enabling the fullest possible dialogue between the world’s major spiritual traditions, science and society.

A large-scale transformation of humanity, comparable to some of the major spiritual and sci-tech revolutions in history, will require a new strategy. We believe this to be necessary to overcome existing crises, which threaten our planetary habitat and the continued existence of humanity as a species. With the 2045 Initiative, we hope to realize a new strategy for humanity's development, and in so doing, create a more productive, fulfilling, and satisfying future.

The "2045" team is working towards creating an international research center where leading scientists will be engaged in research and development in the fields of anthropomorphic robotics, living systems modeling and brain and consciousness modeling with the goal of transferring one’s individual consciousness to an artificial carrier and achieving cybernetic immortality.

An annual congress "The Global Future 2045" is organized by the Initiative to give platform for discussing mankind's evolutionary strategy based on technologies of cybernetic immortality as well as the possible impact of such technologies on global society, politics and economies of the future.

 

Future prospects of "2045" Initiative for society

2015-2020

The emergence and widespread use of affordable android "avatars" controlled by a "brain-computer" interface. Coupled with related technologies “avatars’ will give people a number of new features: ability to work in dangerous environments, perform rescue operations, travel in extreme situations etc.
Avatar components will be used in medicine for the rehabilitation of fully or partially disabled patients giving them prosthetic limbs or recover lost senses.

2020-2025

Creation of an autonomous life-support system for the human brain linked to a robot, ‘avatar’, will save people whose body is completely worn out or irreversibly damaged. Any patient with an intact brain will be able to return to a fully functioning  bodily life. Such technologies will  greatly enlarge  the possibility of hybrid bio-electronic devices, thus creating a new IT revolution and will make  all  kinds of superimpositions of electronic and biological systems possible.

2030-2035

Creation of a computer model of the brain and human consciousness  with the subsequent development of means to transfer individual consciousness  onto an artificial carrier. This development will profoundly change the world, it will not only give everyone the possibility of  cybernetic immortality but will also create a friendly artificial intelligence,  expand human capabilities  and provide opportunities for ordinary people to restore or modify their own brain multiple times.  The final result  at this stage can be a real revolution in the understanding of human nature that will completely change the human and technical prospects for humanity.

2045

This is the time when substance-independent minds will receive new bodies with capacities far exceeding those of ordinary humans. A new era for humanity will arrive!  Changes will occur in all spheres of human activity – energy generation, transportation, politics, medicine, psychology, sciences, and so on.

Today it is hard to imagine a future when bodies consisting of nanorobots  will become affordable  and capable of taking any form. It is also hard to imagine body holograms featuring controlled matter. One thing is clear however:  humanity, for the first time in its history, will make a fully managed evolutionary transition and eventually become a new species. Moreover,  prerequisites for a large-scale  expansion into outer space will be created as well.

 

Key elements of the project in the future

• International social movement
• social network immortal.me
• charitable foundation "Global Future 2045" (Foundation 2045)
• scientific research centre "Immortality"
• business incubator
• University of "Immortality"
• annual award for contribution to the realization of  the project of "Immortality”.

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