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Could This New Competition Replace The Turing Test?
Nuance Communications has announced a new annual competition to develop artificially intelligent agents capable of solving the "Winograd Schema Challenge", a possible alternative to the Turing Test — and one that's intended to provide a more accurate measure of genuine machine intelligence.
Indeed, the recent proclamation that the "Eugene Goostman" chatbot had passed the Turing Test has exposed its inadequacies. The developers of the chatbot fooled judges into thinking it was a 13-year-old human rather than achieving true human-like cognitive capacities.
A Russian chatterbot named "Eugene Goostman" has become the first to pass the Turing Test …Read more
As noted by Hector Levesque, a professor of Computer Science at the University of Toronto, and a developer of the new test, "Chatbots...can fool at least some judges into thinking it is human, but that likely reveals more about how easy it is to fool some humans, especially in the course of a short conversation, than the bot's intelligence."
Levesque's Winograd Schema Challenge (WSC) takes a different approach. Instead of basing the test on short free-form conversations, the WSC poses a set of multiple-choice questions that look like this:
I. The trophy would not fit in the brown suitcase because it was too big. What was too big?
Answer 0: the trophy
Answer 1: the suitcase
II. The town councilors refused to give the demonstrators a permit because they feared violence. Who feared violence?
Answer 0: the town councilors
Answer 1: the angry demonstrators
The answers to these multiple choice questions should be fairly obvious to the average person, but ambiguous for machines devoid of human-like reasoning or intelligence. Indeed, humans use a surprising number of cognitive skills when answering these questions, including abilities in spatial and interpersonal reasoning, knowledge about the typical sizes of objects, how political demonstrations unfold, and many other types of commonsense reasoning.
What's more, based on the ambiguity of the questions, a machine can't simply access the Internet or a resource to find the answer; it has to literally reason it out. So an expert system like IBM's Watson would have a real hard time with this test as it's designed for different tasks altogether, namely natural language processing and data acquisition/analysis (and it does so by taking a probabilistic approach).
The WSC is being proposed as a way to measure and track progress in the development of automated human-like reasoning skills. To that end, a test will be administered on a yearly basis by Commonsense Reasoning Symposium, the first to be held at the 2015 AAAI Spring Symposia at Stanford University from March 23 to 25, 2015. Each year, the test will feature an entirely new set of questions. Researchers and students will be invited to design computer programs that simulate human intelligence. The winner that meets the baseline for human performance will receive a grand prize of $25,000.
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Source: http://io9.com/could-this-new-competition-replace-the-turing-test-1612675156
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Founded by Russian entrepreneur Dmitry Itskov in February 2011 with the participation of leading Russian specialists in the field of neural interfaces, robotics, artificial organs and systems.
The main goals of the 2045 Initiative: the creation and realization of a new strategy for the development of humanity which meets global civilization challenges; the creation of optimale conditions promoting the spiritual enlightenment of humanity; and the realization of a new futuristic reality based on 5 principles: high spirituality, high culture, high ethics, high science and high technologies.
The main science mega-project of the 2045 Initiative aims to create technologies enabling the transfer of a individual’s personality to a more advanced non-biological carrier, and extending life, including to the point of immortality. We devote particular attention to enabling the fullest possible dialogue between the world’s major spiritual traditions, science and society.
A large-scale transformation of humanity, comparable to some of the major spiritual and sci-tech revolutions in history, will require a new strategy. We believe this to be necessary to overcome existing crises, which threaten our planetary habitat and the continued existence of humanity as a species. With the 2045 Initiative, we hope to realize a new strategy for humanity's development, and in so doing, create a more productive, fulfilling, and satisfying future.
The "2045" team is working towards creating an international research center where leading scientists will be engaged in research and development in the fields of anthropomorphic robotics, living systems modeling and brain and consciousness modeling with the goal of transferring one’s individual consciousness to an artificial carrier and achieving cybernetic immortality.
An annual congress "The Global Future 2045" is organized by the Initiative to give platform for discussing mankind's evolutionary strategy based on technologies of cybernetic immortality as well as the possible impact of such technologies on global society, politics and economies of the future.
Future prospects of "2045" Initiative for society
2015-2020
The emergence and widespread use of affordable android "avatars" controlled by a "brain-computer" interface. Coupled with related technologies “avatars’ will give people a number of new features: ability to work in dangerous environments, perform rescue operations, travel in extreme situations etc.
Avatar components will be used in medicine for the rehabilitation of fully or partially disabled patients giving them prosthetic limbs or recover lost senses.
2020-2025
Creation of an autonomous life-support system for the human brain linked to a robot, ‘avatar’, will save people whose body is completely worn out or irreversibly damaged. Any patient with an intact brain will be able to return to a fully functioning bodily life. Such technologies will greatly enlarge the possibility of hybrid bio-electronic devices, thus creating a new IT revolution and will make all kinds of superimpositions of electronic and biological systems possible.
2030-2035
Creation of a computer model of the brain and human consciousness with the subsequent development of means to transfer individual consciousness onto an artificial carrier. This development will profoundly change the world, it will not only give everyone the possibility of cybernetic immortality but will also create a friendly artificial intelligence, expand human capabilities and provide opportunities for ordinary people to restore or modify their own brain multiple times. The final result at this stage can be a real revolution in the understanding of human nature that will completely change the human and technical prospects for humanity.
2045
This is the time when substance-independent minds will receive new bodies with capacities far exceeding those of ordinary humans. A new era for humanity will arrive! Changes will occur in all spheres of human activity – energy generation, transportation, politics, medicine, psychology, sciences, and so on.
Today it is hard to imagine a future when bodies consisting of nanorobots will become affordable and capable of taking any form. It is also hard to imagine body holograms featuring controlled matter. One thing is clear however: humanity, for the first time in its history, will make a fully managed evolutionary transition and eventually become a new species. Moreover, prerequisites for a large-scale expansion into outer space will be created as well.
Key elements of the project in the future
• International social movement
• social network immortal.me
• charitable foundation "Global Future 2045" (Foundation 2045)
• scientific research centre "Immortality"
• business incubator
• University of "Immortality"
• annual award for contribution to the realization of the project of "Immortality”.
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